DEE-twah
The French word for "strait" (détroit) was how it all started in 1701.
A French explorer founded Fort Pontchartrain on the "straits" - the water between Lake Huron and Lake Erie - on July 24, 1701.
It didn't become incorporated as a city until 1806, and the city grew from there.
This population graph shows the timing of the rise and decline of the city:

Credit US Census Bureau
For the city's 313th Birthday, the Detroit Free Press published some before and after pictures of the city. The photos come from a project by DetroitUrbex.com (urbex as in "urban explorers").
Their interactive site shows the typical pictures of ruin, but the revival pictures are especially fun to scroll through.
You can see them here.
Happy Birthday, Detroit!